Correct Answer: Samkhya
Subject: history
Explanation: Samkhya, founded by sage Kapila, is considered the oldest systematic philosophical tradition in India. It is a dualistic philosophy — it recognizes two eternal realities: Purusha (consciousness/spirit, inactive witness) and Prakriti (matter/nature, active principle). The 25 tattvas (principles) of Samkhya explain the evolution of the universe. Importantly, Samkhya is ATHEISTIC — it does not accept a creator God. Yoga school (founded by Patanjali) accepts God (Ishvara) as an object of meditation. Six orthodox schools (Astika Darshanas): Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Purva Mimamsa, Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta).
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