Which of the following defines 'Humification' in the context of soil formation?

Correct Answer: The accumulation of a dark-coloured, highly resistant amorphous substance formed from decaying organic matter

Subject: geography

• The physical breakdown of large rocks into fine particles
• The accumulation of a dark-coloured, highly resistant amorphous substance formed from decaying organic matter
• The downward washing of water-soluble minerals
• The release of inorganic nutrients by microbial action

Explanation: Humification is the specific process during decomposition where humus is created from dead plants and animals. • Humus is highly resistant to microbial action, acting as a reservoir of nutrients for the soil. • Option A describes Weathering. Option C describes Leaching. Option D describes Mineralization. • A, C, and D are different specific steps/processes in pedology. • 'Humus' = Organic 'Khaad' (compost). Humification is just the making of it. • Topsoil (A-Horizon) is the primary layer where humification occurs, turning the soil dark. • ट्रिक: ह्यूमिफिकेशन = ह्यूमस बनने की प्रक्रिया — मृत पौधों/जंतुओं से जैविक खाद।

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