Who revived the Jaina Dharma with five moral teachings (Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Brahmacharya, Aparigraha)?
Correct Answer: Mahavira
Subject: history
- Parsvanatha
- Rishabha
- Mahavira
- Aristhanemi
Explanation: • Mahavira (24th Tirthankara, 599–527 BC) added the 5th vow: Brahmacharya (celibacy)
• Parsvanatha (23rd) had taught only 4 vows: Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Aparigraha
• Mahavira's key life events:
- Born at Kundagrama (near Vaishali), parents: Siddhartha + Trishala (Licchavi)
- Attained Kevala Jnana at Jrimbhikagrama on Rijupalika river bank at age 42
- Attained Nirvana at Pawapuri (Bihar) at age 72 (~527 BC)
• His death marks the start of the Jain calendar (Vira Nirvana Samvat)