music — BSSC Static GK

• The literary evidence of Indian music is first found 2000 years ago in the Vedic period.

• The science of music is called Gandharva Veda, which is an Upaveda of the Samaveda.

• Samaveda provides fundamental information about Indian music.

• The other Vedas (Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda) are not the primary sources dedicated to music.

• Exam Tip: Remember 'S' for Samaveda and 'S' for Sangeet (Music).

• Additionally, all seven notes (Swaras) of Raga Kharaharapriya are found in descending order in harmony.

• Indian classical music evolved into two distinct styles: Hindustani in the North and Carnatic in the South.

• Information about both is found in Bharata's Natyashastra.

• Carnatic music separated from Hindustani music in the 14th century, not the 18th century.

• Statement 3 is wrong because the split happened much earlier, leading to separate Ragas and Taals in the South.

• Memory Tip: Remember the separation century as 14th (1+4=5, 5th Veda Natyashastra).

• After the split, Carnatic music developed independent compositions and missions.

• Bharata Muni wrote the Natyashastra, known as the 5th Veda.

• Venkatamakhin wrote Chaturdandi Prakashika, heavily asked in SSC.

• Jayadeva is the author of Gita Govinda.

• Sarangadeva authored Sangita Ratnakara.

• Exam Tip: Match Bharata with Natya (Drama/Music) and Venkata with Chatur (Four).

• Another text, Silappatikaram by Ilango Adigal, gives info about Bharatanatyam.

• Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande stated that the roots of Ragas are 10 Thaats.

• He also developed the notation system in Hindustani music.

• There are exactly 10 singing styles in Hindustani music matching these 10 Thaats.

• Wrong options represent Swaras (7 Shuddha, 5 Vikrit, 12 Total), not Thaats.

• Memory Tip: 10 Thaats = 10 Styles (Dhrupad, Dhamar, Hori, Khayal, Tappa, etc.).

• This was recently repeated in RRB, CRPF, and RPF exams.

• Purandara Dasa is indeed the founder of Carnatic music and an avatar of Sage Narada.

• However, Chaturdandi Prakashika was written by Venkatamakhin, not Purandara Dasa.

• Hence, the assertion is correct, but the reason is factually incorrect.

• Other options fail because Reason statement R is fundamentally false.

• Exam Tip: Purandara = Founder; Venkata = Chaturdandi.

• Purandara Dasa was a devotee of Lord Krishna and wrote Dasa Sahitya.

• Dhrupad is one of the oldest and grandest forms of purely classical Hindustani music.

• Thumri, Tappa, and Ghazal are defined as semi-classical styles.

• Dhrupad was mentioned in Natyashastra and patronized by figures like Tansen.

• Wrong options are actual semi-classical styles according to the text.

• Memory Tip: Remember 'TTG' (Thumri, Tappa, Ghazal) for Semi-Classical.

• Rudra Veena is heavily used in the Dhrupad style.

• Girija Devi is directly referred to as the 'Thumri Queen' or ठुमरी की रानी.

• She belongs to the Purab Ang Thumri tradition.

• Begum Akhtar is known as Mallika-e-Ghazal (Queen of Ghazals).

• M.S. Subbulakshmi is part of the Carnatic female trinity, not Thumri.

• Exam Tip: Girija = Thumri; Begum Akhtar = Ghazal.

• If Girija Devi is not in the options, Shobha Gurtu or Begum Akhtar are sometimes marked.

• The Carnatic Music Trinity consists of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami, and Syama Sastri.

• Purandara Dasa is the founder of Carnatic music, but not a part of the Trinity.

• Muthuswami's full surname is Muthuswami Dikshitar.

• Therefore, Purandara Dasa is the odd one out.

• Exam Tip: Trinity = TMS (Tyagaraja, Muthuswami, Syama).

• The Female Trinity comprises MS Subbulakshmi, DK Pattammal, and ML Vasanthakumari.

• Amir Khusro invented Khayal, Tarana, and Sitar.

• Pt. Ratan Mohan Sharma belongs to the Mewati Gharana.

• He is globally famous and called the 'Badshah of Tarana' (King of Tarana).

• Both statements directly match the source text facts.

• Exam Tip: Amir Khusro = Father of Khayal/Tarana; Ratan = King of Tarana.

• Khayal was later patronized by Hussain Shah Sharqi.

• Rudra Veena is specifically used in the Dhrupad style of Hindustani music.

• This was a specific update provided in the notes by the instructor.

• The other instruments are not primarily associated with accompanying classical Dhrupad.

• Wrong options: Tabla, Flute, and Santoor belong to different accompaniment categories.

• Memory Tip: Dhrupad is grand/old, and Rudra (Shiva) Veena matches its grandiosity.

• Prominent Dhrupad singers include Amir Khusro, Swami Haridas, and Mian Tansen.