Profit And Loss — RRB NTPC Quantitative Aptitude

30 Questions • 60 Minutes • Quantitative Aptitude Mock Test in Hindi and English

Sample Questions from this Test

Question 1:

A shopkeeper buys an article for ₹500 and sells it for ₹600. Find his profit percentage.
A.15%
B.20%
C.25%
D.10%

• Given: CP=500CP = 500, SP=600SP = 600.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: Profit =SP−CP=600−500=100= SP - CP = 600 - 500 = 100.
Step 2: Profit %=100500×100=20%\% = \frac{100}{500} \times 100 = 20\%.

• Shortcut Method: Ratio of CP:SP=500:600=5:6CP:SP = 500:600 = 5:6. Profit of 1 unit on 5 units. 15=20%\frac{1}{5} = 20\%.

• Final Answer: 20%

Question 2:

A chair is bought for ₹1200 and sold at a loss of 15%. Find its selling price.
A.₹1020
B.₹1000
C.₹1050
D.₹980

• Given: CP=1200CP = 1200, Loss =15%= 15\%.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: Loss =15%= 15\% of 1200=1801200 = 180.
Step 2: SP=CP−Loss=1200−180=1020SP = CP - Loss = 1200 - 180 = 1020.

• Shortcut Method: SP=85%SP = 85\% of CP. 1200×0.85=10201200 \times 0.85 = 1020.

• Final Answer: ₹1020

Question 3:

If an article is sold for ₹1190 at a profit of 19%, what is the cost price?
A.₹900
B.₹1000
C.₹1100
D.₹950

• Given: SP=1190SP = 1190, Profit =19%= 19\%.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: SP=CP×1.19SP = CP \times 1.19.
Step 2: CP=11901.19=1000CP = \frac{1190}{1.19} = 1000.

• Shortcut Method: 119%=1190119\% = 1190, so 1%=101\% = 10. Thus, 100%=1000100\% = 1000.

• Final Answer: ₹1000

Question 4:

The cost price of 15 articles is equal to the selling price of 10 articles. Find the profit percentage.
A.33.33%
B.40%
C.50%
D.25%

• Given: 15×CP=10×SP15 \times CP = 10 \times SP.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: SPCP=1510=32\frac{SP}{CP} = \frac{15}{10} = \frac{3}{2}.
Step 2: Profit =3−2=1= 3 - 2 = 1 unit.
Step 3: Profit %=12×100=50%\% = \frac{1}{2} \times 100 = 50\%.

• Shortcut Method: When a×CP=b×SPa \times CP = b \times SP, Profit %=a−bb×100\% = \frac{a-b}{b} \times 100. 15−1010=510=50%\frac{15-10}{10} = \frac{5}{10} = 50\%.

• Final Answer: 50%

Question 5:

A shopkeeper calculates his profit as 25% on the selling price. What is his actual profit percentage?
A.20%
B.33.33%
C.25%
D.30%

• Given: Profit is 25%25\% of SP.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: Let SP =100= 100. Profit =25= 25.
Step 2: CP=SP−Profit=100−25=75CP = SP - Profit = 100 - 25 = 75.
Step 3: Actual Profit %=2575×100=33.33%\% = \frac{25}{75} \times 100 = 33.33\%.

• Shortcut Method: 25%=1425\% = \frac{1}{4} on SP. Ratio P:SP=1:4  ⟹  CP=3P:SP = 1:4 \implies CP = 3. Actual profit =13=33.33%= \frac{1}{3} = 33.33\%.

• Final Answer: 33.33%

Question 6:

A fruit seller buys lemons at 6 for ₹5 and sells them at 5 for ₹6. Find his gain percentage.
A.44%
B.30%
C.25%
D.36%

• Given: Buy: 6 for ₹5. Sell: 5 for ₹6.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: CP of 1 lemon =56= \frac{5}{6}.
Step 2: SP of 1 lemon =65= \frac{6}{5}.
Step 3: Profit =65−56=36−2530=1130= \frac{6}{5} - \frac{5}{6} = \frac{36 - 25}{30} = \frac{11}{30}.
Step 4: Profit %=11/305/6×100=44%\% = \frac{11/30}{5/6} \times 100 = 44\%.

• Shortcut Method: Cross-multiply. CP=5×5=25CP = 5 \times 5 = 25. SP=6×6=36SP = 6 \times 6 = 36. Profit =11= 11. %=1125×100=44%\% = \frac{11}{25} \times 100 = 44\%.

• Final Answer: 44%

Question 7:

Two articles are sold for ₹4800 each. One is sold at a profit of 20% and the other at a loss of 20%. Find the overall profit or loss percentage.
A.4% Profit
B.No profit no loss
C.4% Loss
D.2% Loss

• Given: SP1=SP2=4800SP_1 = SP_2 = 4800. P=20%P = 20\%, L=20%L = 20\%.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: CP1=48001.2=4000CP_1 = \frac{4800}{1.2} = 4000.
Step 2: CP2=48000.8=6000CP_2 = \frac{4800}{0.8} = 6000.
Step 3: Total CP =10000= 10000. Total SP =9600= 9600.
Step 4: Loss =400  ⟹  4%= 400 \implies 4\%.

• Shortcut Method: When SPs are equal and P%=L%=xP\% = L\% = x, there is always a loss of x2100%\frac{x^2}{100}\text{\%}. Here, 202100=4%\frac{20^2}{100} = 4\% loss.

• Final Answer: 4% Loss

Question 8:

An article is sold at a 15% loss. If it had been sold for ₹150 more, it would have fetched a 10% profit. What is the cost price?
A.₹500
B.₹600
C.₹800
D.₹750

• Given: Loss1 = 15%, Profit2 = 10%, Diff in SP = 150.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: Let CP =x= x. Initial SP =0.85x= 0.85x.
Step 2: New SP =1.10x= 1.10x.
Step 3: Diff =1.10x−0.85x=0.25x=150= 1.10x - 0.85x = 0.25x = 150.
Step 4: x=1500.25=600x = \frac{150}{0.25} = 600.

• Shortcut Method: Gap from -15% to +10% is 25%25\% of CP. 25%=150  ⟹  100%=60025\% = 150 \implies 100\% = 600.

• Final Answer: ₹600

Question 9:

A trader allows a discount of 20% on marked price and still gains 20%. If the cost price is ₹400, find the marked price.
A.₹500
B.₹560
C.₹600
D.₹640

• Given: D = 20%, P = 20%, CP = 400.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: SP =CP×1.2=400×1.2=480= CP \times 1.2 = 400 \times 1.2 = 480.
Step 2: MP×0.8=SP=480MP \times 0.8 = SP = 480.
Step 3: MP=4800.8=600MP = \frac{480}{0.8} = 600.

• Shortcut Method: Ratio formula CPMP=100−D100+P=80120=23\frac{CP}{MP} = \frac{100 - D}{100 + P} = \frac{80}{120} = \frac{2}{3}. If 2 units =400= 400, 3 units =600= 600.

• Final Answer: ₹600

Question 10:

A sells an item to B at 20% profit. B sells it to C at 10% loss. If C pays ₹5400, find the cost price for A.
A.₹4800
B.₹5000
C.₹5200
D.₹4500

• Given: A profit 20%, B loss 10%, C price 5400.

• Basic Method (Solution):
Step 1: Let A's CP =x= x.
Step 2: B's CP =1.2x= 1.2x.
Step 3: C's CP =1.2x×0.9=1.08x= 1.2x \times 0.9 = 1.08x.
Step 4: 1.08x=5400  ⟹  x=50001.08x = 5400 \implies x = 5000.

• Shortcut Method: Successive multiplier: x×65×910=5400  ⟹  x×5450=5400  ⟹  x=5000x \times \frac{6}{5} \times \frac{9}{10} = 5400 \implies x \times \frac{54}{50} = 5400 \implies x = 5000.

• Final Answer: ₹5000

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